Gambling is betting or staking something of value, such as money or possessions, on an event that is determined at least in part by chance. The hope is that the bettors will ‘win’ and gain something of value, such as a prize or a jackpot. Although most people think of slot machines and casinos when they hear the word ‘gambling,’ betting on sports, bingo, lottery or scratch tickets, online poker, fantasy leagues and even office pool gambling are all forms of gambling.
Many of the same factors that contribute to problem drinking and drug abuse are also seen in people with gambling problems. People who gamble often have difficulty controlling their urges and are prone to taking risks, especially with high stakes and multiple bets. They may also exhibit distorted thinking, such as believing they are due for a big win or that they can recoup their losses by betting more money. They also tend to enjoy novelty and arousal and like to engage in activities that provide both. These behaviors can lead to serious financial or personal difficulties.
It is important for family members, friends and coworkers of a person with gambling problems to recognize the signs of gambling addiction. It is also important to know how to help a loved one cope with their gambling addiction. Getting support from family therapy or marriage, career and credit counseling can help to lay the foundation for rebuilding damaged relationships and repairing finances.
Understanding Gambling
Over time, the way that scientists, psychiatrists and other treatment care clinicians view pathological gambling has undergone a dramatic change. This change in perspective has been reflected, or stimulated, by the evolution of the diagnosis and description of pathological gambling in the various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Historically, researchers have viewed pathological gambling as an impulse control disorder, similar to alcoholism or substance use disorders. This view is based on the theory that the underlying neurobiological processes that drive impulse control disorders are similar to those that drive compulsive gambling behavior. However, this is only one of several theories of the underlying causes of gambling addiction and a growing body of evidence shows that it does not fully explain why some individuals are more vulnerable to gambling addiction than others.
The most recent research in this field focuses on the relationship between gambling and depression, bipolar disorder or other mood disorders. It is believed that the link between depression and gambling is related to an individual’s tendency to seek out risk-taking activities and the positive arousal associated with these types of activities. Other possible reasons include the desire to avoid unpleasant emotions or socialization, or a need for rewards and reinforcement. Studies have found that some people with depression or bipolar disorder are at greater risk for gambling addiction than others. It is important to screen these individuals for depression or bipolar disorder before introducing them to any form of gambling.